The Colosseum: Exploring Rome’s Most Iconic Landmark

The Colosseum is one of the most recognisable landmarks in the world and a powerful reminder of the Roman Empire’s scale and ambition. For anyone planning a holiday in the Eternal City, it’s easily one of the most worthwhile things to do in Rome. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture or just want to stand where gladiators once fought, this guide will help you get the most out of your visit.

A Look Back at the Colosseum’s History

Construction began under Emperor Vespasian in the early 70s AD and was completed by his son, Titus, in 80 AD. The building stood on land once occupied by Nero’s private lake and gardens, transforming a space of imperial luxury into one for the people. Over 100 days of games were held for its grand opening, featuring gladiator battles and wild animal hunts.

The name “Colosseum” likely came from the massive bronze statue of Nero, known as the Colossus, which stood nearby. Although the statue is long gone, the name stuck. Over time, the Colosseum served many purposes—at different points it was a fortress, a quarry, and even a place of worship.

Inside the Structure

The Colosseum is an oval-shaped amphitheatre that could hold up to 80,000 people. Its design was both practical and impressive, with 80 entrances, tiered seating based on social class, and even a retractable awning (called the velarium) to keep spectators shaded from the sun.

Beneath the arena was the hypogeum, a network of underground tunnels and chambers where animals, performers and gladiators were kept before appearing in the arena. Lifts and trapdoors were used to bring them up to the action above.

Surrounding the Colosseum were supporting buildings, including gladiator training schools, armouries, and a medical facility. One of the main training centres, the Ludus Magnus, was linked to the arena via an underground passage.

What Went On Here?

The Colosseum was best known for its gladiator contests and animal hunts. Wild animals, many brought from Africa, were part of dramatic hunts and theatrical displays. These events were sponsored by wealthy citizens or emperors and often served as a show of power or generosity.

Some sources mention that naval battles were also staged here by flooding the arena, though historians still debate whether this was possible inside the Colosseum itself or took place elsewhere in Rome.

The Christian Connection

Although it’s often said that early Christians were martyred in the Colosseum, historical evidence is limited. These stories didn’t become widespread until the 16th century. By the 18th century, the site was recognised as sacred, and the Pope still leads the Way of the Cross there every Good Friday.

The Colosseum in Popular Culture

From Roman Holiday and Gladiator to video games like Assassin’s Creed: Brotherhood, the Colosseum continues to appear in films, books and games. Its shape and name have also inspired modern stadiums and concert halls around the world, including many known as “coliseums” in the UK and US.

Planning Your Visit

Where It Is and How to Get There

The Colosseum is located in Piazza del Colosseo, at the end of Via dei Fori Imperiali, in central Rome.

Getting there from the UK:

• From Fiumicino Airport, take the Leonardo Express to Termini Station, then the Metro Line B to Colosseo.
• From Ciampino Airport, take a bus to Anagnina (Metro Line A), then switch to Line B at Termini.

Public transport within Rome:

• Metro: Line B (Colosseo station)
• Buses: 51, 75, 81, 85, 87, 118
• Tram: Line 3

Opening Hours

• Open daily from 8:30am
• Final entry varies with the seasons, typically around 6:15pm
• Closed on 25 December and 1 January

The Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, which are included in most ticket types, follow the same schedule.

Ticket Options (as of 2025)

• Fast-track entrance with audio guide: €18.90
• Guided tour including the arena and Roman Forum: from €29 to €54.90
• Combo tickets with Vatican Museums or underground access: up to €134
• Full Experience tickets: include entry to the Colosseum, Roman Forum, Palatine Hill and additional sites over one or two days

Discounts are available for students, teachers, children, and Roma Pass holders. Tickets should be booked online in advance to avoid long queues and to steer clear of street resellers.

Accessibility

The Colosseum is accessible to visitors with reduced mobility. Wheelchair users can access the ground level via ramp, and staff-operated lifts take you to the second tier. Accessible toilets and smooth flooring make navigating the interior easier. Entry is free for disabled visitors and one companion, and no booking is required for this concession.

What to Bring and Wear

There’s no formal dress code, but comfortable shoes are highly recommended. Expect a lot of walking and very little shade in summer, so pack water, a hat and sun protection.

• Allowed: small backpacks, empty bottles (can be refilled inside), phones and cameras
• Not allowed: large bags, spray cans, glass bottles, weapons or costume props (including gladiator swords or shields)

Where to Stay

There are many hotels within walking distance. Some of the closest include Royal Rooms, Ludus Rooms and Hotel Palazzo Manfredi. While rooms with a Colosseum view are more expensive, budget-friendly options are available further out with good public transport links.

When to Go

The best time to visit is early in the morning, especially during summer months when heat and crowds are at their peak. Spring and autumn offer milder weather and shorter queues.

FAQs about the Colosseum

What was the Colosseum originally called?
It was known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, named after the emperors who built it. The name “Colosseum” came later, possibly inspired by a large statue that stood nearby.

What kind of events took place there?
Gladiator battles, animal hunts, and dramatic reenactments of myths and battles were the most common. These were often public spectacles paid for by wealthy citizens or emperors.

Why is visiting the Colosseum one of the top things to do in Rome?
It’s one of the most impressive and best-preserved monuments of the ancient world and offers a vivid insight into Roman history.

Can I take a guided tour?
Yes, guided tours are highly recommended and often include access to areas not open to general admission, such as the arena floor or underground chambers.

Is the Colosseum accessible for wheelchair users?
Yes, with ramp access, lifts to the upper level, and priority entry for disabled visitors and their companions.

Are there scams to watch out for?
Yes. Avoid buying tickets from touts around the monument. Always book online through official or trusted providers.

Is there anything I shouldn’t wear or bring?
Costumes and large bags are not allowed. Dress for comfort and check the list of restricted items before your visit.