Alfama: The Heart of Lisbon’s History

Exploring Alfama

Alfama is Lisbon’s oldest district, situated between São Jorge Castle and the Tagus River. It is renowned for its narrow streets, historic houses and deep cultural roots. Unlike other parts of the city, Alfama withstood the 1755 earthquake, preserving its medieval character. Once home to fishermen and dockworkers, today it is a place where traditions blend with everyday life, offering visitors a chance to experience Lisbon’s past firsthand. Whether you’re wandering through its alleys, enjoying a traditional meal or listening to Fado music, Alfama immerses you in a rich, authentic atmosphere – making it one of the most important things to do in Lisbon.

A Walk Through History

Portugal, Lisbon, view of Alfama neighbourhood

Alfama’s rich history reflects the many cultures that have shaped Lisbon over the centuries. From its Moorish influences to its period as a Jewish quarter and later a working‑class neighbourhood, this district carries layers of stories within its streets. Understanding Alfama’s past helps visitors appreciate its enduring significance and how it has evolved while retaining its unique identity.

Moorish Influence

The district’s layout dates back to the Moorish period, when Lisbon was under Islamic rule. Its winding alleys and hidden courtyards were designed to provide shade and cool the air during hot summers. This urban design, still visible today, makes Alfama one of the most fascinating areas to explore on foot. The name “Alfama” is believed to derive from the Arabic “Al-hama,” meaning “hot spring” or “good water.”

Roman and Visigothic Legacy

Before the Moors arrived, Alfama was already shaped by earlier civilisation. The Romans built roads and infrastructure – remnants of which can still be seen – and later, the Visigoths left their mark, blending with the district’s subsequent developments.

Jewish Quarter

During the Middle Ages, Alfama was home to a thriving Jewish community. The area boasted its own businesses, places of worship and an active role in Lisbon’s trade. However, following the 1497 decree for the expulsion or forced conversion of non‑Christians, the community’s presence diminished significantly.

Post‑Reconquest Development

After Lisbon’s reconquest in 1147, Alfama became a neighbourhood for noble families and aristocrats. Over time, as Lisbon expanded and newer areas became fashionable among the elite, Alfama transitioned into a fishing district, inhabited by sailors and dockworkers. This working‑class identity remained for centuries and is still evident in the daily life of its residents.

Landmarks and Attractions

Alfama is home to some of Lisbon’s most well‑known landmarks. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture or simply soaking in the atmosphere, these sites offer a deeper insight into Lisbon’s cultural heritage.

São Jorge Castle

Sitting atop Lisbon’s highest hill, São Jorge Castle is a historic fortress that offers some of the best panoramic views of the city. Visitors can explore its defensive walls, ancient towers and hidden courtyards, imagining life in medieval Lisbon.

• The castle provides sweeping views of the city and river, making it a popular spot for photography.
• Inside, you can explore an archaeological site with remains from Roman, Visigothic and Moorish settlements.
• The Camera Obscura projects a live 360‑degree image of Lisbon, offering a unique perspective.

Lisbon Cathedral (Sé de Lisboa)

The Lisbon Cathedral, or Sé, is the city’s most significant religious landmark, having endured multiple earthquakes and centuries of change.

• The cathedral showcases Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque elements, reflecting diverse historical influences.
• Its treasury houses religious artefacts, ancient manuscripts and valuable relics.
• One notable feature is the baptismal font, where Saint Anthony of Padua was baptised in 1195.
• The cloisters reveal layers of Roman and Moorish ruins beneath the cathedral.

Fado Museum

For music lovers, the Fado Museum provides an immersive look into Portugal’s traditional genre of Fado – an expression of longing and nostalgia. The museum’s interactive exhibits feature historic recordings, photographs and original instruments, allowing visitors to appreciate Fado’s cultural significance.

Scenic Viewpoints

Alfama’s elevated streets offer some of the best views of Lisbon. These viewpoints, or miradouros, are ideal for taking a break, capturing photographs and enjoying a unique perspective of the city.

Miradouro de Santa Luzia

• A terrace adorned with traditional azulejo tiles, overlooking Alfama’s rooftops and the Tagus River.
• A peaceful spot surrounded by gardens, perfect for sitting back and enjoying the scenery.

Miradouro das Portas do Sol

• One of the best spots to view Lisbon’s old town, with an open terrace that frames the city.
• Street performers and small cafés nearby contribute to a lively ambience.

Miradouro da Graça

• Also known as the Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen Viewpoint, it offers expansive views of central Lisbon and São Jorge Castle.
• A small kiosk café is available – ideal for a coffee break while admiring the view.

Experiences in Alfama

Beyond sightseeing, Alfama invites you to experience Lisbon’s culture first‑hand. Whether through music, food or local traditions, visitors can fully immerse themselves in everyday life.

Fado Performances

Fado music is deeply rooted in Alfama, and experiencing a live performance is one of the best ways to connect with the soul of Lisbon.