Dazzling Waters: Thailand’s Illuminated Boat Festivals (Lai Ruea Fai)

The Illuminated Boat Procession, known as Lai Ruea Fai (or Lai Heua Fai in Northeastern Thai), is a deeply revered tradition observed across Northeastern Thailand (Isan) around the period of Awk Phansa. In 2025, Awk Phansa falls on October 7th, and these festivals typically unfold on the full moon night of the 11th lunar month. The term “Lai Ruea Fai” translates to “floating a fire boat,” and its cultural significance is profound. It commemorates the Lord Buddha’s return to Earth after a three-month retreat in heaven, honors the mythical Naga serpents believed to reside in the Mekong River, and serves as a symbolic act of seeking blessings and washing away sorrows and negative feelings.

Historically, these “fire boats” were crafted from local materials like bamboo or banana tree trunks and adorned with flowers, incense sticks, candles, and lamps. Today, especially in competitive displays, the boats have evolved into magnificent structures, some reaching up to 100 feet in length. They are intricately decorated with thousands of candles and elaborate light displays, often depicting Buddhist stories, mythical creatures, or royal symbols, creating a breathtaking spectacle as they illuminate the rivers at night.

Regional Highlights:

• Nakhon Phanom: This province on the Mekong River is considered the origin and a major center for the Lai Ruea Fai festival. The celebrations here are grand, often spanning several days with a majestic procession of illuminated boats along the river. Local communities compete to create the most stunning vessels, and the festival includes cultural performances, traditional dances, local markets, and ceremonies honoring Phaya Si Sattanakharat, a revered symbol of the Mekong region.
• Nong Khai: Also situated along the Mekong, Nong Khai participates in the Lai Ruea Fai tradition, with a strong belief in the Naga’s presence in the river. Boats adorned with flowers, candles, and lanterns are launched, mirroring the broader regional practice. Boat races are also a common feature during this time, further celebrating the river’s importance.
• Ubon Ratchathani: The city of Ubon Ratchathani celebrates illuminated boat processions on the Mun River, a significant waterway in the province. These boats, like those in other areas, are adorned with flowers, candles, and lamps, and filled with offerings of khao tom (glutinous rice sweets) before being set afloat.

While specific details for Lai Ruea Fai celebrations in Loei province were not extensively detailed for this year yet, the tradition generally extends throughout the Northeastern region, showcasing a vibrant display of devotion and cultural artistry.

Photo link by Markus Winkler