Visiting the Roman Forum: A Walk Through Ancient Rome

The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum) was once the centre of public life in ancient Rome. Located between the Palatine and Capitoline hills, it was the site of political speeches, religious ceremonies, commercial exchanges and triumphal processions. Today, it stands as a large and atmospheric archaeological site, offering visitors a chance to walk through centuries of Roman history.

For travellers exploring the top things to do in Rome, the Roman Forum provides a deeper understanding of the city’s past and complements nearby landmarks such as the Colosseum and Palatine Hill.

What Is the Roman Forum?

The Roman Forum was the heart of ancient Rome, functioning as a civic and ceremonial hub for more than 1,000 years. Over time, it evolved into a sprawling complex of temples, basilicas, arches, monuments and public spaces. Its ruins include buildings from the early Republic through to the late Imperial period, offering insight into the city’s development and the power of the Roman state.

Though time and looting have stripped away much of its original splendour, the layout of the Forum remains legible, and many structures are still partially standing. A visit here provides context for the rise and fall of Roman civilisation.

Highlights Within the Roman Forum

The Forum is best explored on foot, with many key ruins accessible along well-marked paths. Audio guides or walking tours can help bring the ancient stones to life.

Temple of Saturn

One of the oldest temples in the Forum, the Temple of Saturn dates back to around 498 BC. Though only its eight Ionic columns remain, it once housed the state treasury and played a role in Saturnalia festivities, which later influenced Christmas traditions.

Arch of Septimius Severus

This well-preserved triumphal arch was built in AD 203 to commemorate Emperor Septimius Severus’s military victories in the east. Its reliefs depict scenes from his Parthian campaigns.

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine

The largest building in the Forum, this basilica was begun by Maxentius in AD 308 and completed by Constantine. Three massive barrel vaults still stand, offering a sense of the original structure’s scale. It was used for administration and law courts rather than religious purposes.

Temple of Antoninus and Faustina

Originally built in AD 141 by Emperor Antoninus Pius in memory of his wife Faustina, this temple was later rededicated to the emperor himself. It was converted into a church during the Middle Ages, which helped preserve its columns and structure.

Curia Julia (Senate House)

Commissioned by Julius Caesar and completed by Augustus, the Curia Julia served as the meeting place of the Roman Senate. Unlike most structures in the Forum, its roof and walls are largely intact, as it was repurposed into a church in later centuries.

Rostra

This platform, once decorated with the prows of captured ships, was used for public speeches. Key political figures such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony delivered orations here.

Temple of Vesta

This small circular temple housed the sacred fire of Vesta, tended by the Vestal Virgins. Its distinctive shape and partial reconstruction make it easily recognisable within the site.

Temple of Castor and Pollux

Built to commemorate a Roman military victory in 484 BC, only three columns remain today. The twin brothers were regarded as divine protectors of the Republic.

Via Sacra

The Via Sacra was the main ceremonial road through the Forum, leading from the Arch of Titus to the Colosseum. Triumphal processions would travel along this route, with victorious generals entering the city in celebration.

Planning Your Visit

Combined Ticket

The Roman Forum is part of the Colosseum Archaeological Park, which includes the Colosseum and Palatine Hill. One ticket gives access to all three sites.

• Standard adult ticket: €18
• Reduced (EU citizens aged 18–25): €2
• Free entry for children under 18 and on the first Sunday of each month
• Ticket valid for 24 hours once activated
• Booking online is recommended, particularly during peak season

Opening Hours

• Opens daily from 9.00am
• Closing times vary by season (typically around 4.30pm in winter and 7.15pm in summer)
• Final entry is approximately one hour before closing
• Closed on 25 December and 1 January

How to Get There

• Metro: Colosseo station (Line B) is a five-minute walk away
• Bus: Lines 51, 75, 85 and 87 stop nearby
• Walking: Located in the historic centre, it is within walking distance of the Capitoline Museums, Piazza Venezia and the Pantheon

Dress Code and Accessibility

There is no dress code to enter the Forum, but sturdy shoes are recommended. The paths are uneven, and some areas involve slopes or stairs. Accessible routes are available, though limited in places.

Best Time to Visit

• Early morning or late afternoon visits offer better light and cooler temperatures, especially in summer
• Weekdays are generally quieter than weekends
• Spring and autumn provide pleasant weather and manageable crowds
• Visiting during the off-peak months (January, February or November) can offer a more relaxed experience

Visitor Tips

• Bring water, especially in warmer months
• Wear a hat or sunscreen if visiting midday, as shade is limited
• Consider combining your visit with the Colosseum and Palatine Hill for a full picture of ancient Rome
• Download a map or use a guided app to navigate the site more easily
• Join a guided tour if you prefer historical context as you explore

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Roman Forum included in the Colosseum ticket?
Yes. Entry to the Forum and Palatine Hill is included in your Colosseum ticket.

Can I visit the Roman Forum without a guide?
Yes, the site is open for independent visits, though guides or audio tours are useful for understanding the ruins.

Are restrooms available?
Yes, there are restrooms near the entrances, but not throughout the site.

Can I leave and re-enter the Forum on the same ticket?
No. The ticket is valid for one entry per site within a 24-hour window.

How long should I spend at the Forum?
A visit typically takes 1.5 to 2 hours. If you plan to see the Colosseum and Palatine Hill as well, allow at least half a day.

Is the Roman Forum suitable for children?
Yes, though the uneven terrain may be challenging for buggies. Children often enjoy the scale and variety of ruins.