Palatine Hill: Rome’s Legendary Birthplace and Imperial Seat

Discover the Heart of Ancient Rome

Palatine Hill isn’t just one of Rome’s seven legendary hills, it’s where the city’s story began. Rising above the Roman Forum and the Circus Maximus, this central hill offers sweeping views, spectacular ruins, and powerful connections to Rome’s mythological and imperial past. It’s the legendary site where Romulus founded Rome, the home of emperors, and the origin of the very word “palace.”

A Mythical Beginning

According to Roman mythology, the Palatine Hill is where Romulus and Remus, the twin brothers raised by a she-wolf, were discovered in the Lupercal cave. Romulus eventually chose this hill to found what would become Rome. Archaeological evidence supports early habitation here as far back as the 10th century BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited parts of the city.

You can still visit the site known as the Hut of Romulus and see ruins from ancient dwellings that once dotted this sacred terrain.

From Elite Villas to Imperial Power

By the time of the Republic, Rome’s elite were already building lavish homes on the Palatine. Augustus, Rome’s first emperor, lived here, setting a trend that turned the hill into the imperial residential hub. His successors, including Tiberius, Nero, and Domitian, expanded it into a sprawling complex of palaces, gardens, temples, and underground passageways.

During the Renaissance, the powerful Farnese family turned parts of the hill into lush botanical gardens. And thanks to ongoing archaeological digs, layers of history continue to be revealed.

Highlights: What to See on Palatine Hill

The Palatine Hill is vast, and every corner reveals something remarkable. Here are the must-see sights:

Domus Augustea (House of Augustus)

Step into the private residence of Augustus, Rome’s first emperor. The modest home is known for its intricate frescoes, well-preserved mosaics, and intimate design. Advanced booking is often required.

House of Livia

This adjacent home, believed to belong to Augustus’s wife, features Pompeian-style frescoes and beautiful mosaics. Also requires special entry.

Palace of Domitian

Domitian’s grand palace complex is divided into three main sections:

• Domus Flavia: Used for official functions, banquets, and ceremonies.
• Domus Augustana: The emperor’s private residence with impressive ruins and mosaics.
• Stadium of Domitian: A rectangular arena that was likely a private garden or track.

Domus Tiberiana

This was the first true imperial palace on the hill. It now shares space with the Farnese Gardens and offers scenic views of the Forum below.

Domus Transitoria

Nero’s earlier residence before he built the infamous Domus Aurea. Stunning remnants are now part of the Palatine Museum collection.

Cryptoportico of Nero

A mysterious underground corridor where Emperor Caligula was allegedly assassinated. This well-preserved space offers a haunting glimpse into ancient imperial life.

Farnese Gardens (Orti Farnesiani)

A peaceful escape with Renaissance terraces, water features, and commanding views of the Roman Forum.

Palatine Museum

Don’t miss this compact yet fascinating museum. Its two floors showcase ancient statues, frescoes, household items, and even graffiti from early Christianity.

Panoramic Views

Whether you’re gazing toward the Colosseum, down into the Roman Forum, or across to the Circus Maximus, the Palatine offers some of the best views in the Eternal City.

Visitor Information

Location

Between the Roman Forum and Circus Maximus. Main entrances are near Via di San Gregorio and Piazza Santa Maria Nova.

Getting There

• Metro: Line B to Colosseo
• Bus: Routes 75, 81, 673, 175, 204 and others
• On Foot: Easy walk from the Colosseum or Forum

Tickets & Entry

Admission is usually part of a combined ticket with the Colosseum and Roman Forum (around €16–18). Entry to special sites like the House of Augustus may require an additional ticket or advance reservation.

Hours

Opening hours vary seasonally. Last entry is typically one hour before closing.

• Summer (Apr–Sept): 9:00 AM – 7:15 PM
• Winter (Oct–Mar): 9:00 AM – 4:30 PM

Closed on major holidays. Check the official website for exact hours.

Tips for Visiting

• Wear comfortable shoes—paths are uneven
• Bring water, especially in summer
• Arrive early or late to avoid the crowds
• Allow at least 2 hours for exploration
• Book ahead for special sites

Nearby Attractions

• Colosseum
• Roman Forum
• Circus Maximus
• Domus Aurea
• Capitoline Museums
• Mouth of Truth
• Arch of Titus and Constantine

FAQs About Palatine Hill

Why is it called the Palatine Hill?

The name “Palatine” comes from the Latin word “Palatium,” which later gave rise to the words “palace” and “palazzo.” This is because Roman emperors built their palatial residences here.

Is Palatine Hill included in Colosseum tickets?

Yes, it’s usually part of the standard ticket that includes the Roman Forum and Colosseum.

Can I visit the House of Augustus and Livia?

Yes, but access often requires separate tickets or advance reservations due to preservation efforts.

How long does it take to visit?

Plan for at least 1.5 to 2 hours. If you’re combining it with the Forum and Colosseum, allow half a day.

Is it good for kids?

Yes, especially for families interested in ancient history. Just be prepared for some walking and uneven terrain.

Can I bring food or water?

Water is a must. There are fountains, but limited places to buy snacks on the hill itself.

Are guided tours worth it?

Absolutely. The ruins are vast and not always clearly labeled, so a guide can provide crucial context and help you understand what you’re seeing.

Exploring Palatine Hill is one of the most rewarding things to do in Rome, especially for travelers eager to dive into the city’s ancient roots. Whether you’re tracing the footsteps of emperors through the ruins or soaking up panoramic views of the Forum and Colosseum, this historic hill offers a deeper understanding of Rome’s past, and a peaceful escape from the city’s busy streets.