Alfama: The Heart of Lisbon’s History

Exploring Alfama

Alfama is Lisbon’s oldest district, located between São Jorge Castle and the Tagus River. It is known for its narrow streets, historic houses, and deep cultural roots. Unlike other parts of the city, Alfama withstood the 1755 earthquake, preserving its medieval character. Once home to fishermen and dockworkers, today it is a place where traditions blend with everyday life, offering visitors a chance to experience Lisbon’s past firsthand. Whether you’re wandering through its alleys, enjoying a traditional meal, or listening to Fado music, Alfama immerses visitors in a rich and authentic atmosphere, becoming one of the most important things to do in Lisbon.

A Walk Through History

Portugal, Lisbon, view of Alfama neighborhood

Alfama’s rich history reflects the many cultures that have shaped Lisbon over the centuries. From its Moorish influences to its role as a Jewish quarter and later a working-class neighborhood, this district carries layers of stories within its streets. Understanding Alfama’s past helps visitors appreciate its enduring significance and how it has evolved while maintaining its unique identity.

Moorish Influence

The district’s layout dates back to the Moorish period, when Lisbon was under Islamic rule. The winding alleys and hidden courtyards were designed to provide shade and cool the air during hot summers. This urban design, still visible today, makes Alfama one of the most fascinating places to explore on foot. The name “Alfama” is believed to come from the Arabic “Al-hama,” meaning “hot spring” or “good water.”

Roman and Visigothic Legacy

Before the Moors arrived, Alfama had already been shaped by earlier civilizations. The Romans built roads and infrastructure, some of which can still be seen in the area. Later, the Visigoths added their own influence, leaving behind architectural and cultural elements that blend with the district’s later developments.

Jewish Quarter

During the Middle Ages, Alfama was home to a thriving Jewish community. The area had its own businesses, places of worship, and an active role in Lisbon’s trade. However, in 1497, Portugal ordered the expulsion or forced conversion of non-Christians, drastically changing the community’s presence in the district.

Post-Reconquest Development

Following Lisbon’s reconquest in 1147, Alfama became a neighborhood for noble families and aristocrats. Over time, as Lisbon expanded and new areas became popular among the elite, Alfama transitioned into a fishing district, inhabited by sailors and dockworkers. This working-class identity remained for centuries and is still visible in the daily life of its residents.

Landmarks and Attractions

Alfama is home to some of Lisbon’s most well-known landmarks. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or simply soaking in the atmosphere, these sites offer a deeper understanding of Lisbon’s cultural heritage.

São Jorge Castle

Sitting atop Lisbon’s highest hill, São Jorge Castle is a historic fortress that offers one of the best panoramic views of the city. Visitors can explore its defensive walls, ancient towers, and hidden courtyards, imagining what life was like during Lisbon’s medieval period.

• The castle provides sweeping views of the city and river, making it a popular spot for photography.
• Inside, you can visit an archaeological site featuring remains from Roman, Visigothic, and Moorish settlements.
• The Camera Obscura uses lenses and mirrors to project a 360-degree live image of Lisbon.

Lisbon Cathedral (Sé de Lisboa)

The Lisbon Cathedral, or Sé, is the city’s most significant religious landmark, having survived multiple earthquakes and centuries of transformation.

• The cathedral showcases Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque elements, reflecting the architectural styles of different periods.
• Inside, the treasury holds religious artifacts, ancient manuscripts, and valuable relics.
• One of its most historic features is the baptismal font, where Saint Anthony of Padua was baptized in 1195.
• The cloisters offer a glimpse into Lisbon’s past, with excavations uncovering layers of Roman and Moorish ruins.

Fado Museum

For music lovers, the Fado Museum provides a deep dive into the world of Fado, Portugal’s most traditional genre of music.

• Visitors can explore interactive exhibits, including historic recordings, photographs, and original instruments.
• The museum highlights the role of Fado in Portuguese culture, explaining how it became an expression of longing and nostalgia.
• Visitors can listen to classic and contemporary Fado performances as they move through the museum.

Scenic Viewpoints

Alfama’s elevated streets offer some of the best views of Lisbon. These viewpoints, or miradouros, are perfect for taking a break, capturing photos, and enjoying a unique perspective of the city.

Miradouro de Santa Luzia

• A terrace with traditional azulejo tiles, overlooking Alfama’s rooftops and the Tagus River.
• A peaceful spot surrounded by gardens, offering a perfect place to sit and enjoy the scenery.

Miradouro das Portas do Sol

• One of the best spots to view Lisbon’s old town, with an open terrace for admiring the city.
• Street performers and small cafés nearby add to the lively ambiance.

Miradouro da Graça

• Also called the Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen Viewpoint, this location offers a wide view of central Lisbon and the castle.
• Features a small kiosk café, perfect for a coffee or drink while admiring the view.

Experiences in Alfama

Beyond sightseeing, Alfama is a place to experience Lisbon’s culture firsthand. Whether through music, food, or local traditions, visitors can immerse themselves in everyday life.

Fado Performances

Fado music is deeply rooted in Alfama, and experiencing it live is one of the best ways to connect with Lisbon’s soul.

• Traditional Fado performances can be found in small restaurants and bars throughout the district.
• Mesa De Frades, set in a former chapel, is one of the most atmospheric places to enjoy Fado.

Tram 28 Ride

Riding Tram 28 is one of the most memorable ways to see Alfama.

• The tram winds through the district’s steep and narrow streets, providing a unique view of historic Lisbon.
• The route passes by some of the city’s most famous landmarks, making it a great introduction to the area.

June Festivals

Every June, Alfama comes alive with Festas de Lisboa, Lisbon’s most important street festival.

• The festival features live music, food stalls, parades, and decorations.
• Visitors can try grilled sardines and local wines, as well as dance in the streets with locals.

Visit Alfama with Exoticca

Alfama is more than just a historic district—it’s a living part of Lisbon’s identity. With its ancient streets, local traditions, and cultural richness, it offers a travel experience unlike any other. Whether you’re exploring its hidden alleys, listening to Fado, or watching the sunset from a scenic viewpoint, Alfama invites you to slow down and take in the essence of Lisbon.

At Exoticca, we create exclusive travel packages that allow you to discover Lisbon in a way that goes beyond sightseeing. From expert-guided tours to curated cultural experiences, we help you uncover the city’s hidden treasures. Book your Lisbon adventure today and let Alfama’s charm capture you!